distal ureter

The distal ureter is the lowermost segment of the ureter, extending from the common iliac artery bifurcation down to the urinary bladder. It follows the lateral pelvic wall before curving medially to connect with the posterolateral wall of the bladder.

The distal ureter is located in the pelvic cavity. It begins at the level where the common iliac artery divides and descends along the lateral pelvic wall, eventually curving anteriorly and medially to reach the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder.

The distal ureter transports urine from the mid-ureter to the bladder through peristaltic contractions. It is the segment that navigates through the pelvis and is anatomically close to several important pelvic structures, including the vas deferens in males and the uterine artery in females.

Ureteral calculi most commonly become lodged in the distal ureter, particularly near the ureterovesical junction. Strictures, external compression, and risk of surgical injury in pelvic operations are also associated with this segment. Medical assessment is required for any suspected condition.

The distal ureter is examined using CT urography, pelvic ultrasound, intravenous pyelography, or MRI. Ureteroscopy provides direct visualization. These techniques help identify stones, narrowing, dilation, or other structural findings.