| 功能 |
Primary supinator of the forearm and powerful flexor of the elbow. Also assists in shoulder flexion. The long head assists in shoulder joint stabilization. |
The central pump of the cardiovascular system, propelling blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping about 7,500 liters of blood daily. |
| 临床意义 |
Biceps tendon ruptures cause a visible bulge (Popeye deformity). Bicipital tendinitis causes anterior shoulder pain. The biceps reflex tests the C5-C6 nerve roots. |
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results from coronary artery occlusion. Heart failure, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects are major cardiovascular conditions. |