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Brain

Encephalon

The command center of the nervous system, the brain processes sensory information, controls motor function, regulates homeostasis, and generates consciousness, thought, memory, emotion, and language. It is the largest part of the central nervous system, weighing approximately 1.4 kilograms in adults, and comprises the cerebrum with its two hemispheres and frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, the cerebellum, and the brainstem, formed by the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid protect it. Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is a leading cause of disability, and traumatic brain injury ranges from concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the organ include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The largest part of the central nervous system, weighing approximately 1.4 kg in adults. It consists of the cerebrum (two hemispheres with frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes), the cerebellum, and the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata). Protected by the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

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Тип Organ
Система органов Nervous
Область тела Brain
Латинское название Encephalon
FMA ID 50801

Функция

The command center of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, regulating homeostasis, and generating consciousness, thought, memory, emotion, and language.

Клиническое значение

Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) is a leading cause of disability. Traumatic brain injury ranges from concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main parts of the brain?

The brain is divided into three main regions: the cerebrum (the largest part, responsible for higher functions such as thought, language, and voluntary movement), the cerebellum (coordinating movement and balance), and the brainstem (regulating vital autonomic functions including breathing, heart rate, and consciousness). The cerebrum is further divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

How much does the brain weigh?

The adult human brain weighs approximately 1,300–1,400 grams (about 3 pounds), representing roughly 2% of body weight. Despite its small mass, it consumes approximately 20% of the body's total energy and oxygen supply. Brain volume is approximately 1,200–1,500 cubic centimeters, with considerable variation among individuals.

What is the brain protected by?

The brain is protected by the skull (cranium), three layers of membranes called meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions the brain within the subarachnoid space. The blood-brain barrier, formed by specialized endothelial cells in cerebral blood vessels, further regulates which substances can enter brain tissue.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:50801 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0000955 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)
  3. Wikipedia — Brain Encyclopedia article (verified cross-reference)

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Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.