Axis (C2) vs Patella
| Свойство | Axis (C2) | Patella |
|---|---|---|
| Латинское название | Axis | Os patellae |
| Тип | Bone | Bone |
| Система органов | Skeletal | Skeletal |
| Область тела | Spine | Thigh |
| Функция | The second cervical vertebra that provides a pivot point for rotation of the head. The dens (odontoid process) projects superiorly and acts as the axis around which the atlas rotates. | The largest sesamoid bone in the body, embedded within the quadriceps tendon. Increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle by increasing the lever arm for knee extension. |
| Клиническое значение | Odontoid fractures are common cervical spine injuries, especially in elderly patients. Hangman's fracture involves bilateral pars interarticularis fractures of C2. Atlantoaxial instability occurs in rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome. | Patellar fractures result from direct trauma or forceful quadriceps contraction. Patellar dislocation typically occurs laterally. Chondromalacia patellae (runner's knee) causes anterior knee pain from cartilage degeneration. |
| FMA ID | 12520 | 24485 |
Full structure pages
Axis (C2)
Axis
The second cervical vertebra, the axis provides the pivot around which the head rotates. Its defining feature is the dens, or odontoid process, a tooth-like projection that extends superiorly from the body to articulate with …