器官系

The skeletal system provides structural support, protection for internal organs, and attachment points for muscles. It consists of 206 bones in the adult human body, …

The muscular system is responsible for movement, posture maintenance, and heat generation. It comprises over 600 skeletal muscles that work in coordinated pairs to produce …

The cardiovascular system circulates blood throughout the body via the heart and a vast network of blood vessels. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, …

The nervous system is the body's primary control and communication network. It consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral …

The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between the body and the external environment. Air passes through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi to …

The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It extends from the mouth to the anus …

The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones secreted by glands into the bloodstream. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, …

The lymphatic and immune system defends the body against pathogens and disease. It includes lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymphatic vessels that transport …

The urinary system filters blood to produce urine, removing metabolic waste products and excess substances from the body. It consists of two kidneys, two ureters, …

The reproductive system is responsible for producing offspring. In males, it includes the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis. In females, it includes the …

The integumentary system forms the external covering of the body, consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands. As the largest organ system, it …

The special senses encompass vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. These senses are mediated by specialized receptor organs: the eyes (vision), ears (hearing and equilibrium), …