| 機能 |
The central pump of the cardiovascular system, propelling blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping about 7,500 liters of blood daily. |
The bone of the upper arm connecting the shoulder to the elbow. Provides attachment points for muscles of the shoulder and arm, enabling a wide range of upper limb movements. |
| 臨床的意義 |
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results from coronary artery occlusion. Heart failure, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects are major cardiovascular conditions. |
Surgical neck fractures are common in elderly patients. Midshaft fractures may damage the radial nerve causing wrist drop. Supracondylar fractures are the most common elbow fractures in children. |