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Nerf médian

Nervus medianus

Formed from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus (C5 to T1), the median nerve supplies most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and the thenar muscles of the hand, and carries sensation from the lateral palm and the palmar surface of the lateral three and a half digits. It descends through the arm without branching, crosses the cubital fossa, runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus in the forearm, and enters the hand through the carpal tunnel. Compression at the wrist produces carpal tunnel syndrome, with numbness, tingling, and weakness. More proximally, pronator teres syndrome compresses the nerve, anterior interosseous syndrome affects its motor branches, and a high lesion produces the hand of benediction.

Il se forme à partir des faisceaux latéral et médial du plexus brachial (C5-T1). Il descend dans le bras sans donner de branches, traverse la fosse cubitale, chemine entre le fléchisseur superficiel et le fléchisseur profond des doigts dans l'avant-bras, et entre dans la main par le canal carpien.

On this page
Type Nerve
Système corporel Nerveux
Région corporelle Avant-bras
Structure parente arm nerve
Nom latin Nervus medianus
FMA ID 14385

Fonction

Il assure l'innervation motrice de la plupart des fléchisseurs de l'avant-bras et des muscles thénariens de la main. Il assure l'innervation sensitive de la paume latérale et de la surface palmaire des trois doigts et demi latéraux.

Signification clinique

Le syndrome du canal carpien est la compression du nerf médian au niveau du poignet, provoquant engourdissement, picotements et faiblesse. Le syndrome de l'interosseux antérieur affecte la fonction motrice. Le syndrome du rond pronateur comprime le nerf de manière proximale. La main de bénédiction apparaît lors de lésions hautes du nerf médian.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the median nerve control?

The median nerve provides motor innervation to most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and several intrinsic hand muscles, particularly those of the thenar eminence (thumb muscles). Sensory supply covers the palmar surface of the thumb, index, middle, and lateral half of the ring finger, making it essential for fine pinch grip and sensation.

Where does the median nerve travel?

The median nerve forms from medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus (C6–T1) in the axilla. It descends through the medial arm without branching, enters the forearm between heads of the pronator teres, travels deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis, and enters the hand through the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disorder, caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, and pain in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, often worse at night. Severe cases lead to thenar muscle wasting. Treatment includes splinting, corticosteroid injections, or surgical decompression.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:14385 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0001148 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)
  3. Wikipedia — Nerf médian Encyclopedia article (verified cross-reference)

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Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.