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Reins

Renes

Bean-shaped and positioned retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column between T12 and L3, the kidneys filter roughly 180 liters of blood each day to produce one to two liters of urine. Beyond filtration, they regulate fluid balance, electrolyte concentration, acid-base balance, and blood pressure, and they secrete erythropoietin and activate vitamin D. Each kidney holds about one million nephrons, its functional filtering units, and its hilum transmits the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter; the right kidney sits slightly lower than the left because of the liver. Chronic kidney disease may progress to end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis or transplantation. Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, causes severe pain, and renal cell carcinoma is the most common kidney cancer.

Des organes en forme de haricot situés en position rétropéritonéale de part et d'autre de la colonne vertébrale, au niveau T12-L3. Le rein droit est légèrement plus bas en raison du foie. Chaque rein contient environ 1 million de néphrons, les unités fonctionnelles de filtration. Le hile rénal laisse passer l'artère rénale, la veine rénale et l'uretère.

On this page
Type Organ
Système corporel Urinaire
Région corporelle Abdomen
Nom latin Renes
FMA ID 7203

Fonction

Ils filtrent environ 180 litres de sang par jour, produisant 1 à 2 litres d'urine. Ils régulent l'équilibre hydrique, la concentration électrolytique, l'équilibre acido-basique et la pression artérielle. Ils produisent de l'érythropoïétine et activent la vitamine D.

Signification clinique

La maladie rénale chronique touche des millions de personnes dans le monde et peut évoluer vers une insuffisance rénale terminale nécessitant une dialyse ou une greffe. Les calculs rénaux (néphrolithiase) provoquent une douleur intense. Le carcinome à cellules rénales est le cancer du rein le plus fréquent.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the kidneys?

The kidneys are paired, bean-shaped organs of the urinary system responsible for filtering blood, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing urine. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons as its functional filtering units.

Where are the kidneys located?

The kidneys are located retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column at the T12–L3 level. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left due to the presence of the liver above it.

What is the function of the kidneys?

The kidneys filter blood through nephrons to remove waste products and excess substances, which are excreted as urine. They also regulate blood pressure, fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and red blood cell production via erythropoietin.

What conditions may be associated with the kidneys?

The kidneys may be involved in conditions such as chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. The renal hilum, which transmits the renal artery, vein, and ureter, is a common site of pathological obstruction.

What do the kidneys look like?

Each kidney is a reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ roughly 10–12 cm in length with a concave medial border—the renal hilum. On cross-section or imaging, the outer cortex, inner medulla with renal pyramids, and central renal pelvis are distinguishable.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:7203 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)

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Educational Disclaimer

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Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.