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Cœur

Cor

A muscular pump roughly the size of a fist, the heart lies in the middle mediastinum and drives blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. It beats about 100,000 times a day, moving some 7,500 liters of blood. Four chambers organize its work: the right atrium and ventricle receive deoxygenated blood and send it to the lungs, while the left atrium and ventricle receive oxygenated blood and pump it to the body. Coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, narrows the vessels that supply the muscle, and occlusion of a coronary artery produces myocardial infarction. Heart failure, valvular disease, arrhythmias, and congenital defects account for much of the remaining cardiovascular burden.

Un organe musculaire de la taille approximative d'un poing, situé dans le médiastin moyen. Il comporte quatre cavités : les oreillettes et les ventricules droit et gauche. Le côté droit reçoit le sang désoxygéné et le pompe vers les poumons ; le côté gauche reçoit le sang oxygéné et le pompe vers le corps.

On this page
Type Organ
Système corporel Cardiovasculaire
Région corporelle Région cardiaque
Structure parente mesoderm-derived structure
Nom latin Cor
FMA ID 7088

Fonction

La pompe centrale du système cardiovasculaire, propulsant le sang à travers les circuits pulmonaire et systémique. Il bat environ 100,000 fois par jour, pompant environ 7,500 litres de sang quotidiennement.

Signification clinique

La maladie coronarienne est la principale cause de décès dans le monde. L'infarctus du myocarde résulte de l'occlusion d'une artère coronaire. L'insuffisance cardiaque, les valvulopathies, les arythmies et les cardiopathies congénitales sont des affections cardiovasculaires majeures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the heart do?

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system. It beats approximately 60–100 times per minute at rest, circulating oxygenated blood to tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Where is the heart located?

The heart is located in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, between the lungs. It sits behind the sternum and slightly to the left of the midline. It rests on the diaphragm and is enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium.

What are common conditions affecting the heart?

Common heart conditions include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and cardiomyopathy. Valvular disorders such as aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are also frequently encountered in clinical practice.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:7088 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0000948 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)

Avertissement médical

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Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.