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Nervio mediano

Nervus medianus

Formed from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus (C5 to T1), the median nerve supplies most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and the thenar muscles of the hand, and carries sensation from the lateral palm and the palmar surface of the lateral three and a half digits. It descends through the arm without branching, crosses the cubital fossa, runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus in the forearm, and enters the hand through the carpal tunnel. Compression at the wrist produces carpal tunnel syndrome, with numbness, tingling, and weakness. More proximally, pronator teres syndrome compresses the nerve, anterior interosseous syndrome affects its motor branches, and a high lesion produces the hand of benediction.

Se forma a partir de los fascículos lateral y medial del plexo braquial (C5-T1). Desciende por el brazo sin dar ramas, atraviesa la fosa cubital, discurre entre el flexor superficial y el flexor profundo de los dedos en el antebrazo, y entra en la mano a través del túnel carpiano.

On this page
Tipo Nerve
Sistema corporal Nervioso
Región corporal Antebrazo
Estructura principal arm nerve
Nombre latino Nervus medianus
FMA ID 14385

Función

Proporciona inervación motora a la mayoría de los músculos flexores del antebrazo y a los músculos tenares de la mano. Proporciona inervación sensitiva a la palma lateral y a la superficie palmar de los tres dedos y medio laterales.

Significado clínico

El síndrome del túnel carpiano es la compresión del nervio mediano a nivel de la muñeca, que causa entumecimiento, hormigueo y debilidad. El síndrome del interóseo anterior afecta la función motora. El síndrome del pronador redondo comprime el nervio proximalmente. La mano en bendición aparece con lesiones altas del nervio mediano.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the median nerve control?

The median nerve provides motor innervation to most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and several intrinsic hand muscles, particularly those of the thenar eminence (thumb muscles). Sensory supply covers the palmar surface of the thumb, index, middle, and lateral half of the ring finger, making it essential for fine pinch grip and sensation.

Where does the median nerve travel?

The median nerve forms from medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus (C6–T1) in the axilla. It descends through the medial arm without branching, enters the forearm between heads of the pronator teres, travels deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis, and enters the hand through the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disorder, caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, and pain in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, often worse at night. Severe cases lead to thenar muscle wasting. Treatment includes splinting, corticosteroid injections, or surgical decompression.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:14385 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0001148 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)
  3. Wikipedia — Nervio mediano Encyclopedia article (verified cross-reference)

Aviso médico

Este contenido es solo para fines educativos e informativos. No pretende ser un sustituto del consejo médico profesional, diagnóstico o tratamiento. Siempre busque el consejo de su médico u otro proveedor de salud calificado ante cualquier pregunta que pueda tener sobre una condición médica. Nunca ignore el consejo médico profesional ni demore en buscarlo debido a algo que haya leído en este sitio web.

Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.