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Corazón

Cor

A muscular pump roughly the size of a fist, the heart lies in the middle mediastinum and drives blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. It beats about 100,000 times a day, moving some 7,500 liters of blood. Four chambers organize its work: the right atrium and ventricle receive deoxygenated blood and send it to the lungs, while the left atrium and ventricle receive oxygenated blood and pump it to the body. Coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, narrows the vessels that supply the muscle, and occlusion of a coronary artery produces myocardial infarction. Heart failure, valvular disease, arrhythmias, and congenital defects account for much of the remaining cardiovascular burden.

Un órgano muscular del tamaño aproximado de un puño, situado en el mediastino medio. Tiene cuatro cavidades: las aurículas y los ventrículos derecho e izquierdo. El lado derecho recibe sangre desoxigenada y la bombea hacia los pulmones; el lado izquierdo recibe sangre oxigenada y la bombea hacia el cuerpo.

On this page
Tipo Organ
Sistema corporal Cardiovascular
Región corporal Región cardíaca
Estructura principal mesoderm-derived structure
Nombre latino Cor
FMA ID 7088

Función

La bomba central del sistema cardiovascular, que impulsa la sangre a través de los circuitos pulmonar y sistémico. Late aproximadamente 100,000 veces al día, bombeando cerca de 7,500 litros de sangre diariamente.

Significado clínico

La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias es la principal causa de muerte en el mundo. El infarto de miocardio resulta de la oclusión de una arteria coronaria. La insuficiencia cardíaca, las valvulopatías, las arritmias y las cardiopatías congénitas son afecciones cardiovasculares importantes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the heart do?

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system. It beats approximately 60–100 times per minute at rest, circulating oxygenated blood to tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Where is the heart located?

The heart is located in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, between the lungs. It sits behind the sternum and slightly to the left of the midline. It rests on the diaphragm and is enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium.

What are common conditions affecting the heart?

Common heart conditions include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and cardiomyopathy. Valvular disorders such as aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are also frequently encountered in clinical practice.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:7088 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0000948 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)

Aviso médico

Este contenido es solo para fines educativos e informativos. No pretende ser un sustituto del consejo médico profesional, diagnóstico o tratamiento. Siempre busque el consejo de su médico u otro proveedor de salud calificado ante cualquier pregunta que pueda tener sobre una condición médica. Nunca ignore el consejo médico profesional ni demore en buscarlo debido a algo que haya leído en este sitio web.

Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.