| Function |
The second cervical vertebra that provides a pivot point for rotation of the head. The dens (odontoid process) projects superiorly and acts as the axis around which the atlas rotates. |
The command center of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, regulating homeostasis, and generating consciousness, thought, memory, emotion, and language. |
| Clinical Significance |
Odontoid fractures are common cervical spine injuries, especially in elderly patients. Hangman's fracture involves bilateral pars interarticularis fractures of C2. Atlantoaxial instability occurs in rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome. |
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) is a leading cause of disability. Traumatic brain injury ranges from concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS. |