| Function |
The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull. Allows nodding movements (flexion and extension) of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint. |
The central pump of the cardiovascular system, propelling blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping about 7,500 liters of blood daily. |
| Clinical Significance |
Jefferson fractures (burst fractures of the atlas) result from axial loading. Atlanto-occipital dislocation is usually fatal. Congenital anomalies include atlas assimilation (occipitalization). |
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results from coronary artery occlusion. Heart failure, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects are major cardiovascular conditions. |