| Function |
The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull. Allows nodding movements (flexion and extension) of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint. |
The command center of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, regulating homeostasis, and generating consciousness, thought, memory, emotion, and language. |
| Clinical Significance |
Jefferson fractures (burst fractures of the atlas) result from axial loading. Atlanto-occipital dislocation is usually fatal. Congenital anomalies include atlas assimilation (occipitalization). |
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) is a leading cause of disability. Traumatic brain injury ranges from concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS. |