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الدماغ

Encephalon

The command center of the nervous system, the brain processes sensory information, controls motor function, regulates homeostasis, and generates consciousness, thought, memory, emotion, and language. It is the largest part of the central nervous system, weighing approximately 1.4 kilograms in adults, and comprises the cerebrum with its two hemispheres and frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, the cerebellum, and the brainstem, formed by the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid protect it. Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is a leading cause of disability, and traumatic brain injury ranges from concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the organ include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

أكبر جزء من الجهاز العصبي المركزي، يزن نحو 1.4 كغ عند البالغين. يتكوّن من المخ (نصفا كرة بفصوص جبهية وجدارية وصدغية وقذالية) والمخيخ وجذع الدماغ (الدماغ المتوسط والجسر والنخاع المستطيل). محمي بالسحايا والسائل الدماغي الشوكي.

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النوع Organ
جهاز الجسم العصبي
منطقة الجسم الدماغ
الاسم اللاتيني Encephalon
FMA ID 50801

الوظيفة

مركز القيادة للجهاز العصبي، مسؤول عن معالجة المعلومات الحسية، والتحكم في الوظائف الحركية، وتنظيم الاتزان الداخلي، وتوليد الوعي والتفكير والذاكرة والعاطفة واللغة.

الأهمية السريرية

السكتة الدماغية سبب رئيسي للإعاقة. تتراوح إصابة الدماغ الرضية من الارتجاج إلى إصابة محورية منتشرة شديدة. تشمل الأمراض التنكسية العصبية داء ألزهايمر وداء باركنسون والتصلب الجانبي الضموري.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main parts of the brain?

The brain is divided into three main regions: the cerebrum (the largest part, responsible for higher functions such as thought, language, and voluntary movement), the cerebellum (coordinating movement and balance), and the brainstem (regulating vital autonomic functions including breathing, heart rate, and consciousness). The cerebrum is further divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

How much does the brain weigh?

The adult human brain weighs approximately 1,300–1,400 grams (about 3 pounds), representing roughly 2% of body weight. Despite its small mass, it consumes approximately 20% of the body's total energy and oxygen supply. Brain volume is approximately 1,200–1,500 cubic centimeters, with considerable variation among individuals.

What is the brain protected by?

The brain is protected by the skull (cranium), three layers of membranes called meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions the brain within the subarachnoid space. The blood-brain barrier, formed by specialized endothelial cells in cerebral blood vessels, further regulates which substances can enter brain tissue.

References

  1. Foundational Model of Anatomy — FMA:50801 Reference anatomy ontology (University of Washington)
  2. UBERON — UBERON:0000955 Cross-species anatomy ontology (EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service)
  3. Wikipedia — الدماغ Encyclopedia article (verified cross-reference)

إخلاء المسؤولية الطبية

هذا المحتوى لأغراض تعليمية وإعلامية فقط. لا يُقصد به أن يكون بديلاً عن المشورة الطبية المهنية أو التشخيص أو العلاج. استشر دائماً طبيبك أو مزود الرعاية الصحية المؤهل الآخر بشأن أي أسئلة قد تكون لديك بخصوص حالة طبية. لا تتجاهل أبداً المشورة الطبية المهنية أو تتأخر في طلبها بسبب شيء قرأته على هذا الموقع.

Educational Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical decisions.

Data sources: Terminologia Anatomica, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Wikidata.