| الوظيفة |
The central pump of the cardiovascular system, propelling blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping about 7,500 liters of blood daily. |
The flat bone in the center of the anterior chest wall. Protects the heart and great vessels. Provides attachment for the costal cartilages of the upper seven ribs and the … |
| الأهمية السريرية |
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results from coronary artery occlusion. Heart failure, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects are major cardiovascular conditions. |
Sternal fractures occur from direct trauma (steering wheel injuries). Median sternotomy is the standard approach for open-heart surgery. Sternal bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are common diagnostic procedures. |